This file is prepared by Steve Ostro and provided on his Asteroid Radar Research web site at http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/. This version of the file contains asteroid detections through the end of 2004. For more recent asteroid detections see the web site cited above. This file is not part of the PDS archive, but is provided by SBN as a convenience to users. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Asteroid Radar History In the following table, NEA = near-Earth asteroid, PHA = Potentially Hazardous Asteroid, MBA = main-belt asteroid, BIN = binary, and XXX-N identifies the Nth radar-detected XXX. [K] denotes the object's Kth apparition that yielded a radar detection. Observatory abbreviations are given in brackets after the reference. For multi-observatory experiments, the order in which observatories detected echoes is indicated. For two-antenna observations, the transmitting and receiving antennas are given along with the transmitter frequency (MHz) in the format [TX-RCV(FREQ)]. Wavelengths are as follows unless otherwise indicated: [H] Haystack 3.8 cm [G] Goldstone 3.5 [A] Arecibo 13 [VLA] Very Large Array 3.5 [VLBA] Very Long Baseline Array 13 or 3.5 [EF] Effelsberg 6 [EV] Evpatoria 3.5 [K] Kashima 3.5 [U] Usuda 3.5 [MA] Madrid 13 [GBT] Greenbank Telescope 13 [ME] Medecina 3.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Group Asteroid App'n Year Ref Obs ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NEA-1 1566 Icarus [1] 1968 1 [G] PHA-1 " " 2 [H] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NEA-2 1685 Toro [1] 1972 3 [G 13 cm] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NEA-3 433 Eros [1] 1975 4 [G 3.5, 13 cm] " " 5 [A 70 cm] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NEA-4 1580 Betulia [1] 1976 6 [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA-1 1 Ceres [1] 1977 7 [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA-2 4 Vesta [1] 1979 8 [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA-3 7 Iris [1] 1980 9,26,40 [A] NEA 1685 Toro [2] 1980 10 [A] MBA-4 16 Psyche [1] 1980 9 [A] NEA-5 1862 Apollo [1] 1980 32 [A] PHA-2 " " 12 [G] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA-5 97 Klotho [1] 1981 9 [A] NEA-6 1915 Quetzalcoatl [1] 1981 52 [A] MBA 4 Vesta [2] 1981 9,30,40 [A] NEA-7 2100 Ra-Shalom [1] 1981 13 [A] MBA-6 8 Flora [1] 1981 9,40 [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA-7 2 Pallas [1] 1982 9,30,40 [A] MBA-8 12 Victoria [1] 1982 9,26,40 [A] MBA-9 19 Fortuna [1] 1982 9,40 [A] MBA-10 46 Hestia [1] 1982 9,40 [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA-11 5 Astraea [1] 1983 9,40 [A] NEA-8 1620 Geographos [1] 1983 20 [A] PHA-3 MBA-12 139 Juewa [1] 1983 9,40 [A] NEA-9 2201 Oljato [1] 1983 20 [A] PHA-4 MBA-13 356 Liguria [1] 1983 9,40 [A] MBA-14 80 Sappho [1] 1983 9,40 [A] MBA-15 694 Ekard [1] 1983 9,40 [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA-16 9 Metis [1] 1984 9,26,40 [A] NEA-10 2101 Adonis [1] 1984 31 [A] PHA-5 MBA-17 554 Peraga [1] 1984 9,40 [A] NEA 2100 Ra-Shalom [2] 1984 21 [A] MBA-18 144 Vibilia [1] 1984 9,40 [A] MBA 1 Ceres [2] 1984 9 30,40 [A] MBA 7 Iris [2] 1984 26,40 [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA-19 6 Hebe [1] 1985 9,40 [A] NEA-11 1627 Ivar [1] 1985 18 [A] MBA-20 41 Daphne [1] 1985 9,40 [A] NEA-12 1036 Ganymed [1] 1985 20 [A] MBA-21 21 Lutetia [1] 1985 40 [A] NEA-13 1866 Sisyphus [1] 1985 20 [A] MBA-22 33 Polymymnia [1] 1985 40 [A] MBA-23 84 Klio [1] 1985 40 [A] MBA-24 192 Nausikaa [1] 1985 40 [A] MBA-25 230 Athamantis [1] 1985 40 [A] MBA-26 216 Kleopatra [1] 1985 26,40 [A] MBA-27 18 Melpolmene [1] 1985 40 [A] MBA 16 Psyche [2] 1985 40 [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA 1 Ceres [3] 1986 30,40 [A] NEA-14 6178 1986 DA [1] 1986 11 [A] MBA-28 393 Lampetia [1] 1986 40 [A] NEA-15 14827 Hypnos (1986 JK) [1] 1986 16 [G] PHA-6 MBA-29 27 Euterpe [1] 1986 40 [A] NEA-16 3103 Eger (1982 BB) [1] 1986 31 [A] MBA 19 Fortuna [2] 1986 40 [A] NEA-17 3199 Nefertiti [1] 1986 52 [A] MBA 9 Metis [2] 1986 26,40 [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA 5 Astraea [2] 1987 40 [A] NEA-18 1981 Midas [1] 1987 20 [G] PHA-7 MBA-30 532 Herculina [1] 1987 40 [A] NEA-19 3757 (1982 XB) [1] 1987 52 [A] PHA-8 MBA 2 Pallas [2] 1987 30,40 [A] MBA-31 20 Massalia [1] 1987 40 [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA-32 654 Zelinda [1] 1988 20,26,40[A] MBA 4 Vesta [3] 1988 30,40 [A] MBA-33 105 Artemis [1] 1988 20,40 [A] NEA 1685 Toro [3] 1988 20 [A] NEA-20 3908 Nyx (1980 PA) [1] 1988 20 [A,G] PHA-9 NEA 433 Eros [2] 1988 24 [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA 12 Victoria [2] 1989 26,40 [A] NEA-21 4034 (1986 PA) [1] 1989 52 [A] PHA-10 NEA 1580 Betulia [2] 1989 20 [G,A] NEA-22 7335 1989 JA [1] 1989 33 [A,G] PHA-12 NEA-23 4769 Castalia [1] 1989 19 [A,G] PHA-13 NEA-24 1917 Cuyo [1] 1989 20 [A,G] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA-34 78 Diana [1] 1990 40 [A] NEA-25 8014 1990 MF [1] 1990 20 [A,G] PHA-14 MBA 1 Ceres [4] 1990 30,40 [A] NEA-26 1990 OS [1] 1990 20 [G] PHA-15 MBA-35 194 Prokne [1] 1990 40 [G] NEA-27 4544 Xanthus (1989 FB) [1] 1990 31 [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA 2 Pallas [3] 1991 30,40 [A] NEA-28 85182 1991 AQ [1] 1991 *O [A] PHA-16 MBA 7 Iris [3] 1991 26,40 [G] " " 17 [G-VLA(8510)] NEA-29 6489 Golevka (1991 JX) [1] 1991 50 [A,G] PHA-17 MBA-36 324 Bamberga [1] 1991 40 [A,G] " " 17 [G-VLA(8510)] NEA 3103 Eger (1982 BB) [2] 1991 31 [G] MBA-37 796 Sarita [1] 1991 40 [A] NEA-30 9856 1991 EE [1] 1991 *O [A] PHA-18 " " 17 [G-VLA(8510)] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA 4 Vesta [4] 1992 30,40 [A,G] NEA 1981 Midas [2] 1992 *O [G] NEA-31 5189 (1990 UQ) [1] 1992 *O [G] PHA-19 NEA-32 4179 Toutatis [1] 1992 22,48 [G,A] PHA-20 " " 23 [EV-EF(5010)] " " 17 [G-VLA(8510)] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA 97 Klotho [2] 1993 40 [G] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NEA-33 4953 (1990 MU) [1] 1994 *O [G] PHA-21 NEA 1620 Geographos [2] 1994 25, 29 [G] PHA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NEA-34 2062 Aten [1] 1995 31 [G] MBA 1 Ceres [5] 1995 30,40 [G] NEA 6489 Golevka (1991 JX) [2] 1995 27 [G,G-VLA(8510)] PHA " " 35 [G-EV(8510)] " " 28 [G-K(8510)] MBA 18 Melpomene [2] 1995 40 [G] MBA 7 Iris [4] 1995 40 [G] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NEA-35 17511 1992 QN [1] 1996 31 [G] NEA-36 7025 1993 QA [1] 1996 *O [G] NEA-37 2063 Bacchus [1] 1996 34 [G] NEA-38 1996 JG [1] 1996 *O [G] PHA-22 NEA 1566 Icarus [2] 1996 38 [G] PHA NEA 3103 Eger [3] 1996 31 [G] NEA-39 7822 1991 CS [1] 1996 37 [G] PHA-23 NEA-40 4197 1982 TA [1] 1996 *O [G] " " 28 [G-K,G-U(8510)] NEA 4179 Toutatis [2] 1996 39,48 [G] PHA " 36 [H] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NEA-41 7341 1991 VK [1] 1997 *O [G] NEA-42 7482 1994 PC1 [1] 1997 *O [G] PHA-24 NEA-43 13651 1997 BR [1] 1997 *O [G] PHA-25 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NEA-44 1998 BY7 [1] 1998 *O [G] PHA-26 NEA-45 6037 1988 EG [1] 1998 *LB [G] NEA-46 4183 Cuno [1] 1998 *LB [A] PHA-27 NEA-47 1998 KY26 [1] 1998 41 [G] NEA-48 8201 1994 AH2 [1] 1998 *N [A] NEA-49 52760 1998 ML14 [1] 1998 15 [G,A] PHA-28 NEA 1036 Ganymed [2] 1998 *O [A] MBA 20 Massalia [2] 1998 *CM [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NEA-50 10115 1992 SK [1] 1999 *LB [G] NEA-51 1999 FN19 [1] 1999 *LB [G] " " *N [A] NEA-52 38071 1999 GU3 [1] 1999 45 [G] PHA-29 NEA-53 1999 FN53 [1] 1999 *LB [G] PHA-30 " " *N [A] MBA 41 Daphne [2] 1999 *CM [A] MBA 105 Artemis [2] 1999 *CM [A] NEA 6489 Golevka [3] 1999 *50 [A] PHA NEA " " *JLM [A-MA(2380)] NEA-54 53319 1999 JM8 [1] 1999 49 [G,A] PHA-31 NEA-55 1999 NW2 [1] 1999 *LB [G] MBA 216 Kleopatra [2] 1999 44 [A] MBA-38 198 Ampella [1] 1999 *CM [A] NEA-56 1999 RQ36 [1] 1999 *N [G,A-G(2380)] PHA-32 NEA-57 1999 TY2 [1] 1999 *N [A] NEA-58 1999 TN13 [1] 1999 *LB [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA 7 Iris [5] 2000 *CM [A] MBA 554 Peraga [2] 2000 *CM [A] MBA-39 288 Glauke [1] 2000 14 [A] MBA 1 Ceres [6] 2000 *N [A] NEA-59 2000 EW70 [1] 2000 *N [A] PHA-33 " " *GB [A-VLBA(2380)] NEA-60 2000 ED14 [1] 2000 *JLM [A] PHA-34 NEA-61 2000 EE104 [1] 2000 *JLM [A] NEA-62 2000 EH26 [1] 2000 *LB [A] PHA-35 NEA-63 2000 LF3 [1] 2000 *N [A] PHA-36 NEA-64 4486 Mithra [1] 2000 *O [A,G] PHA-37 NEA-65 16834 1997 WU22 [1] 2000 *LB [A] NEA-66 12711 1991 BB [1] 2000 *LB [A] NEA-67 2000 CE59 [1] 2000 *JLM [A] PHA-38 MBA-40 88 Thisbe [1] 2000 *CM [A] MBA 393 Lampetia [2] 2000 *CM [A] NEA 2100 Ra-Shalom [3] 2000 *S [A] NEA-68 2000 QW7 [1] 2000 *JLM [G] PHA-39 MBA-41 111 Ate [1] 2000 *CM [A] MBA 324 Bamberga [2] 2000 *CM [A] MBA-42 336 Lacadiera [1] 2000 *CM [A] NEA-69 2000 RD53 [1] 2000 *JLM [A,G] PHA-40 NEA-70 2000 DP107 [1] 2000 46 [G,A] PHA-41 BIN-1 MBA 192 Nausikaa [2] 2000 *CM [A] NEA-71 2000 UG11 [1] 2000 *N [A] PHA-42 BIN-2 " " *LB [G] NEA-72 2000 UK11 [1] 2000 *N [A] PHA-43 " " *LB [G] NEA 4179 Toutatis [3] 2000 *O [G] PHA NEA 4183 Cuno [2] 2000 *LB [A] PHA NEA-73 2000 YA [1] 2000 *LB [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA-43 505 Cava [1] 2001 *CM [A] NEA-74 26663 2000 XK47 [1] 2001 *JLM [A] MBA-44 1963 Bezovec [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-45 128 Nemesis [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-46 38 Leda [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-47 50 Virginia [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-48 83 Beatrix [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-49 622 Esther [1] 2001 *CM [A] NEA-75 2001 AV43 [1] 2001 *N [A] NEA-76 2000 YF29 [1] 2001 *O,*N [G],[A] PHA-44 NEA-77 2001 BF10 [1] 2001 *H [A] NEA-78 2001 CP36 [1] 2001 *N [A] NEA-79 23187 2000 PN9 [1] 2001 *O [G,A] PHA-45 NEA-80 29075 1950 DA [1] 2001 43 [A,G] NEA-81 25143 Itokawa (1998 SF36) [1] 2001 51 [A,G] PHA-46 NEA-82 2001 EC16 [1] 2001 *LB [G] " " *JLM [A-GBT] MBA-50 114 Kassandra [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-51 13 Egeria [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-52 145 Adeona [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-53 354 Eleonora [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA 532 Herculina [2] 2001 *N [A] NEA-83 2001 FR85 [1] 2001 *N [A] NEA 2000 EE104 [2] 2001 *N [A] PHA NEA-84 2001 GQ2 [1] 2001 *N [A] PHA-47 NEA-85 66391 1999 KW4 [1] 2001 *O [G,A] PHA-48 BIN-3 " " *JLM [A-G(2380)] PHA BIN NEA-86 2001 JV1 [1] 2001 *O [A] PHA-49 NEA-87 54509 2000 PH5 [1] 2001 *T [G] MBA-54 253 Mathilde [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-55 225 Henrietta [1] 2001 *CM [A] NEA-88 22771 1999 CU3 [1] 2001 *LB [A] NEA-89 2001 SP263 [1] 2001 *N [A] MBA-56 36 Atalante [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-57 407 Arachne [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-58 54 Alexandra [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-59 60 Echo [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-60 23 Thalia [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-61 247 Eukrate [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-62 266 Aline [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-63 270 Anahita [1] 2001 *CM [A] NEA-90 1998 ST27 [1] 2001 *LB [A] PHA-50 BIN-4 MBA-64 101 Helena [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-65 704 Interamnia [1] 2001 *CM [A] NEA-91 2001 UP [1] 2001 *N [A] NEA-92 2001 WM15 [1] 2001 *N [A] MBA 4 Vesta [5] 2001 *N [A] NEA-93 33342 1998 WT24 [1] 2001 *O [G,A] PHA-51 " " 47 [G-ME,EV-ME(5010) 6 cm] NEA-94 2001 XX4 [1] 2001 *N [A] MBA-66 22 Kalliope [1] 2001 *CM [A] NEA-95 2001 SE286 [1] 2001 *JLM [A] NEA-96 4660 Nereus [1] 2001 *O [A] PHA-52 MBA-67 211 Isolda [1] 2001 *CM [A] MBA-68 66 Maja [1] 2001 *CM [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NEA-97 2001 YP3 [1] 2002 *N [A] NEA-98 2002 AV [1] 2002 *O [A] PHA-53 NEA 4660 Nereus cont'd 2002 *O [A,G] PHA NEA-99 2002 AY1 [1] 2002 *N [A] PHA-54 NEA-100 2001 YE4 [1] 2002 *N [A] PHA-55 MBA 654 Zelinda [2] 2002 *CM [A] MBA-69 405 Thia [1] 2002 *CM [A] MBA-70 3 Juno [1] 2002 *CM [A] MBA-71 28 Bellona [1] 2002 *CM [A] MBA-72 53 Kalypso [1] 2002 *CM [A] NEA-101 2002 BG25 [1] 2002 *N [A] PHA-56 MBA-73 488 Kreusa [1] 2002 *CM [A] MBA-74 127 Johanna [1] 2002 *CM [A] NEA-102 2002 BM26 [1] 2002 *N [A] PHA-57 BIN-5 MBA-75 182 Elsa [1] 2002 *CM [A] NEA-103 2000 GD2 [1] 2002 *LB [G] NEA-104 2002 FD6 [1] 2002 *LB [G] NEA 38071 1999 GU3 [2] 2002 *LB [A,A-GBT(2380)] PHA " " " [G,G-GBT(8560)] PHA NEA-105 2002 FC [1] 2002 *O [A,G] PHA-58 NEA 1580 Betulia [3] 2002 *O [A] NEA 66391 1999 KW4 [2] 2002 *O [A] PHA BIN NEA-106 2002 KK8 [1] 2002 *N [A] PHA-59 BIN-6 NEA-107 5604 1992 FE [1] 2002 *LB [G,A] PHA-60 MBA-76 25 Phocaea [1] 2002 *CM [A] NEA-108 2002 AL14 [1] 2002 *N [A] NEA-109 2002 NY40 [1] 2002 *H [A] PHA-61 NEA-110 2002 HK12 [1] 2002 *N [A] PHA-62 NEA-111 2001 EB18 [1] 2002 *N [A] PHA-63 MBA-77 15 Eunomia [1] 2002 *CM [A] MBA-78 137 Meliboea [1] 2002 *CM [A] MBA-79 429 Lotis [1] 2002 *CM [A] MBA-80 444 Gyptis [1] 2002 *CM [A] NEA-112 2002 TS69 [1] 2002 *N [A] NEA-113 22753 1998 WT [1] 2002 *LB [A] PHA-64 NEA-114 2002 TZ66 [1] 2002 *LB [A] NEA-115 35396 1997 XF11 [1] 2002 *O [G] PHA-65 NEA-116 2002 SY50 [1] 2002 *JLM [G] PHA-66 NEA-117 2002 VE68 [1] 2002 *LB [G] PHA-68 NEA-118 2002 TD60 [1] 2002 *N [A] MBA-81 109 Felicitas [1] 2002 *CM [A] MBA 46 Hestia [2] 2002 *CM [A] NEA-119 1991 BN [1] 2002 *N [A] PHA-69 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NEA-120 52387 1993 OM7 [1] 2003 *O [A,A-GBT(2380)] PHA-70 NEA-121 2002 CQ11 [1] 2003 *N [A] PHA-71 NEA-122 2002 AA29 [1] 2003 *O [A] NEA-123 2003 EP4 [1] 2003 *N [A] MBA 4 Vesta [6] 2003 *N [A] NEA-124 2003 HN14 [1] 2003 *N [A] NEA-125 2003 HM [1] 2003 *N [A] NEA-126 5381 Sekhmet [1] 2003 *N [A] BIN-7 NEA 6489 Golevka [4] 2003 50 [A] PHA NEA-127 65909 1998 FH12 [1] 2003 *LB [G,A,G-A(8560)] PHA-72 NEA-128 2003 MS2 [1] 2003 *LB [G] PHA-73 NEA-129 37655 Illapa (1994 PM) [1] 2003 *LB [G] PHA-74 NEA-130 2003 GY [1] 2003 *N [A] PHA-75 NEA 2100 Ra-Shalom [4] 2003 *S [A] NEA-131 2003 QB30 [1] 2003 *S [A] NEA 22771 1999 CU3 [2] 2003 *LB [A,G] NEA-132 2003 RU11 [1] 2003 *N [A] NEA-133 2003 SR84 [1] 2003 *LB [G] NEA-134 66063 1998 RO1 [1] 2003 *LB [A] BIN-8 NEA-135 2003 KP2 [1] 2003 *N [A] NEA-136 2003 SS84 [1] 2003 *N [A] PHA-76 BIN-9 " 2003 *LB [G] NEA-137 69230 Hermes (1937 UB) [1] 2003 *JLM [A,G] PHA-77 BIN-10 NEA-138 2003 TL4 [1] 2003 *LB [G,A] PHA-78 NEA " 2003 *N [A] PHA NEA-139 2003 UC20 [1] 2003 *N [A] PHA-79 NEA-140 2001 KZ66 [1] 2003 *N [A] NEA-141 2003 TH2 [1] 2003 *N [A] NEA-142 2002 QF15 [1] 2003 *O [A] PHA-80 NEA 1990 OS [2] 2003 *O [A] PHA BIN-11 " 2003 *LB [G] PHA BIN NEA-143 65803 Didymos (1996 GT) [1] 2003 *LB [G,A] PHA-81 BIN-12 NEA-144 85774 1998 UT18 [1] 2003 *LB [A] PHA-82 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NEA-145 2004 AD [1] 2004 *N [A] MBA 1 Ceres [7] 2004 *N [A] NEA-146 2001 BE10 [1] 2004 *LB [A] PHA-83 NEA-147 6239 Minos [1] 2004 *O [G,A] PHA-84 NEA-148 2004 FY31 [1] 2004 *LB [A] PHA-85 NEA-149 85938 1999 DJ4 [1] 2004 *LB [A] PHA-86 BIN-13 NEA-150 89136 2001 US16 [1] 2004 *N [A] PHA-87 " 2004 *LB [G] PHA NEA-151 2004 HX53 [1] 2004 *N [A] NEA-152 2003 YT1 [1] 2004 *N [A] PHA-88 BIN-14 NEA-153 2000 JS66 [1] 2004 *N [A] NEA 25143 Itokawa (1998 SF36) [2] 2004 *GB [A-GBT] PHA " 2004 *O [G] PHA NEA-154 1999 MN [1] 2004 *JLM [G] PHA-89 NEA 54509 2000 PH5 [2] 2004 *T [A] NEA-155 2002 CE26 [1] 2004 *S [A] BIN-15 NEA-156 11066 Sigurd [1] 2004 *LB [A] " 2004 *C [A] NEA-157 2004 RQ10 [1] 2004 *N [A] NEA 66063 1998 RO1 [2] 2004 *LB [A] BIN MBA-82 135 Hertha [1] 2004 *S [A] NEA 1998 ST27 [2] 2004 *LB [A] PHA BIN NEA-158 2004 JA27 [1] 2004 *LB [A] PHA-90 NEA 4179 Toutatis [4] 2004 *C [A] PHA " 2004 *O [A] PHA MBA-83 56 Melete [1] 2004 *CM [A] MBA-84 690 Wratislavia [1] 2004 *CM [A] MBA-85 165 Loreley [1] 2004 *CM [A] MBA-86 212 Medea [1] 2004 *CM [A] MBA-87 220 Stephania [1] 2004 *CM [A] MBA-88 463 Lola [1] 2004 *CM [A] MBA 21 Lutetia [2] 2004 *O [A] MBA 80 Sappho [2] 2004 *O [A] NEA-159 1999 LF6 [1] 2004 *LB [A] MBA-89 224 Oceana [1] 2004 *S [A] MBA-90 49 Pales [2] 2004 *O [A] NEA 3908 Nyx (1980 PA) [2] 2004 *LB [A] PHA NEA-160 2004 VB [1] 2004 *LB [A] PHA-91 MBA-91 325 Heidelberga [1] 2004 *S [A] NEA-161 7753 1988 XB [1] 2004 *N [A] PHA-92 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MBA-92 141 Lumen [1] 2005 *CM [A] MBA-93 377 Campania [1] 2005 *CM [A] MBA-94 91 Aegina [1] 2005 *CM [A] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Radar echoes have been detected from a total of 161 NEAs + 94 MBAs = 255 asteroids. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ References Reporting Detections: 1. Goldstein, R. M. Radar observations of Icarus. Icarus 10, 430-431 (1969); Science 162, 903-904 (1968). 2. Pettengill, G. H., I. I. Shapiro, M. E. Ash, R. P. Ingalls, L. P. Rainville, W. B. Smith and M. L. Stone (1969). Radar observations of Icarus. Icarus 10, 432-435. 3. Goldstein, R. M., D. B. Holdridge, and J. H. Lieske (1973). Minor planets and related objects. XII. Radar observations of 1685 Toro. Astron. J. 78, 508. 4. Jurgens, R. F., and R. M. Goldstein (1976). Radar observations at 3.5 and 12.6 cm wavelength of asteroid 433 Eros. Icarus 28, 1-15. 5. Campbell, D. B., G. H. Pettengill, and I. I. Shapiro. (1976). 70-cm radar observations of 433 Eros. Icarus 28, 17-20. 6. Pettengill, G. H., S. J. Ostro, I. I. Shapiro, B. G. Marsden, and D. B. Campbell (1979). Radar observations of asteroid 1580 Betulia. Icarus 40, 350-354. 7. Ostro, S. J., G. H. Pettengill, I. I. Shapiro, D. B. Campbell, and R. R. Green (1979). Radar observations of asteroid 1 Ceres. Icarus 40, 355-358. 8. Ostro, S. J., D. B. Campbell, G. H. Pettengill, and I. I. Shapiro (1980). Radar detection of Vesta. Icarus 43, 169-171. 9. Ostro, S. J., D. B. Campbell, and I. I. Shapiro. (1985). Mainbelt asteroids: Dual-polarization radar observations. Science 229, 442-446. 10. Ostro, S. J., D. B. Campbell, and I. I. Shapiro. (1983). Radar Observations of asteroid 1685 Toro. Astron. J. 88, 565-576. 11. Ostro, S. J., D. B. Campbell, J. F. Chandler, A. A. Hine, R. S. Hudson, K. D. Rosema, and I. I. Shapiro (1991). Asteroid 1986 DA: Radar evidence for a metallic composition. Science 252, 1399-1404. 12. Goldstein, R. M., R. F. Jurgens and D. K. Yeomans (1981). Radar observations of Apollo Icarus 48, 59-61. 13. Ostro, S. J., A. W. Harris, D. B. Campbell, I. I. Shapiro, and J. W. Young (1984). Radar and photoelectric observations of asteroid 2100 Ra-Shalom. Icarus 60, 391-403. 14. Ostro, S. J., M. C. Nolan, J.-L. Margot, C. Magri, A. W. Harris, and J. D. Giorgini (2001). Radar observations of asteroid 288 Glauke. Icarus 152, 201-204. 15. Ostro, S. J., R. S. Hudson, L. A. M. Benner, M. C. Nolan, J. D. Giorgini, D. J. Scheeres, R. F. Jurgens, and R. Rose (2001). Radar observations of asteroid 1998 ML14. Meteoritics Planet. Sci. 36, 1697-1709 16. Ostro, S. J., D. K. Yeomans, P. W. Chodas, R. M. Goldstein, R. F. Jurgens, and T. W. Thompson et al. (1989). Radar observations of asteroid 1986 JK. Icarus 78, 382-394. 17. de Pater, I., P. Palmer, D. L. Mitchell, S. J. Ostro, D. K. Yeomans, and L. E. Snyder (1994). Radar aperture synthesis observations of asteroids. Icarus 111, 489-502. 18. Ostro, S. J., D. B. Campbell, A. A. Hine, I. I. Shapiro, J. F. Chandler, C. L. Werner, and K. D. Rosema (1990). Radar images of asteroid 1627 Ivar. Astron. J. 99, 2012-2018. 19. Ostro, S. J., J. F. Chandler, A. A. Hine, I. I. Shapiro, K. D. Rosema, and D. K. Yeomans. (1990). Radar images of asteroid 1989 PB. Science 248, 1523-1528. 20. Ostro, S. J., D. B. Campbell, J. F. Chandler, I. I. Shapiro, A. A. Hine, R. Velez, R. F. Jurgens, K. D. Rosema, R. Winkler, and D. K. Yeomans. (1991). Asteroid radar astrometry. Astron. J. 102, 1490-1502. 21. Shepard, M. K., L. A. M. Benner, S. J. Ostro, A. W. Harris, K. D. Rosema, I. I. Shapiro, J. F. Chandler, and D. B. Campbell (2000). Radar Observations of 2100 Ra-Shalom. Icarus 147, 520-529. 22. Ostro, S. J., R. S. Hudson, R. F. Jurgens, K. D. Rosema, R. Winkler, D. Howard, R. Rose, M. A. Slade, D. K. Yeomans, J. D. Giorgini, D. B. Campbell, P. Perillat, J. F. Chandler, and I. I. Shapiro. (1995). Radar images of asteroid 4179 Toutatis. Science 270, 80-84. 23. Zaitsev, A. L., A. G. Sokolsky, O. R. Rzhiga, A. S. Vyshlov, A. P. Krivtsov, and V. A. Shubin. Radar investigation of asteroid 4179 Toutatis with 6 cm waves. Radiotekhnika Elektronika 38, 1842-1850 (1993). (in Russian). Translation: Zaytsev, A. L., A. G. Sokol'skiy, O. R. Rzhiga, A. S. Vyshlov, A. P. Krivtsov, and V. A. Shubin (1993) "Radar Investigations of the Asteroid 4179 Tautatis at Wavelength of 6 cm", Journal of Communications Technology and Electronics 38:16, 135-143 (in English, by Scripta Technica, Inc., 1994). 24. Magri, C., S. J. Consolgagno, S. J. Ostro, L. A. M. Benner, and B. R. Beeney (2001). Radar constraints on asteroid regolith compositions using 433 Eros as ground truth. Meteoritics Planet. Sci. 36, 1697-1709 (2001). 25. Ostro, S. J., K. D. Rosema, R. S. Hudson, R. F. Jurgens, J. D. Giorgini, R. Winkler, D. K. Yeomans, D. Choate, R. Rose, M. A. Slade, S. D. Howard, and D. L. Mitchell. (1995). Extreme elongation of asteroid 1620 Geographos from radar images. Nature 375, 474. 26. Mitchell, D. L., S. J. Ostro, K. D. Rosema, R. S. Hudson, D. B. Campbell, J. F. Chandler, and I. I. Shapiro. (1995). Radar observations of asteroids 7 Iris, 9 Metis, 12 Victoria, 216 Kleopatra, and 654 Zelinda. Icarus 118, 105-131. 27. R. S. Hudson, S. J. Ostro, R. F. Jurgens, K. D. Rosema, J. D. Giorgini, R. Winkl er, R. Rose, D. Choate, R. A. Cormier, C. R. Franck, R. Frye, D. Howard, D. Kelley, R. Littlefair, M. A. Slade, L. A. M. Benner, M. L. Thomas, D. L. Mitchell, P. W. Chodas, D. K. Yeomans, D. J. Scheeres, P. Palmer, A. Zaitsev, Y. Koyama, A. Nakamura, A. W. Harris, and M. N. Meshkov (2000). Radar observations and physical model of asteroid 6489 Golevka. Icarus 148, 37-51. 28. Koyama, Y., J. Nakajima, M. Sekido, M. Yoshikawa, A. M. Nakamura, H. Hirabayashi, T. Okada, M. Abe, T. Nishibori, T. Fuse, S. J. Ostro, D. Choate, R. A. Cormier, R. Winkler, R. F. Jurgens, J. D. Giorgini, D. K. Yeomans, M. A. Slade, and A. L. Zaitsev (2001). Radar observations of near Earth asteroids 6489 Golevka and 4197 (1982 TA). Journal of the Communications Research Laboratory [Japan]. In press. 29. Ostro, S. J., R. F. Jurgens, K. D. Rosema, R. S. Hudson, J. D. Giorgini, R. Winkler, D.K. Yeomans, D. Choate, R. Rose, M. A. Slade, S. D. Howard, D. J. Scheeres, and D. L. Mitchell (1996). Radar observations of asteroid 1620 Geographos. Icarus 121, 46-66. 30. Mitchell, D. L., S. J. Ostro, R. S. Hudson, K. D. Rosema, D. B. Campbell, R. Velez, J. F. Chandler, I. I. Shapiro, J. D. Giorgini, and D. K. Yeomans. Radar observations of asteroids 1 Ceres, 2 Pallas, and 4 Vesta (1995). Icarus 124, 113-133. 31. Benner, L. A. M., S. J. Ostro, J. D. Giorgini, R. F. Jurgens, D. L. Mitchell, R. Rose, K. D. Rosema, M. A. Slade, R. Winkler, D. K. Yeomans, D. B. Campbell, J. F. Chandler, and I. I. Shapiro (1997). Radar detection of near-Earth asteroids 2062 Aten, 2101 Adonis, 3103 Eger, 4544 Xanthus, and 1992 QN. Icarus 130, 296-312. 32. Ostro, S. J., K. D. Rosema, D. B. Campbell, and I. I. Shapiro (2002). Radar Observations of Asteroid 1862 Apollo. Icarus 156, 580-583. 33. Mahapatra, P. R., L. A. M. Benner, S. J. Ostro, R. F. Jurgens, J. D. Giorgini, D. K. Yeomans, J. F. Chandler, and I. I. Shapiro (2002). Radar Observations of Asteroid 7335 (1989 JA). Planetary and Space Science 50, 257-260. 34. Benner, L. A. M, R. S. Hudson, S. J. Ostro, K. D. Rosema, J. D. Giorgini, D. K. Yeomans, R. F. Jurgens, D. L. Mitchell, R. Winkler, R. Rose, M. A. Slade, M. L. Thomas, and P. Pravec (1999). Radar Observations of Asteroid 2063 Bacchus. Icarus 139, 309-327. 35. Zaitsev, A. L., S. J. Ostro, S. P. Ignatov, D. K. Yeomans, A. G. Petrenko, D. Choate, O. K. Margorin, R. A. Cormier, V. V. Mardyshkin, R. Winkler, O. N. Rghiga, R. F. Jurgens,V. A. Shubin, J. D. Giorgini, A. P. Krivtsov, K. D. Rosema, Y. F. Koluka, M. A. Slade, A. L. Gavrik, V. B. Andreev, D. V. Ivanov, P. S. Peshin, Y. Koyama, M. Yoshikava, A. Nakamura (1997). Intercontinental bistatic radar observations of 6489 Golevka (1991 JX). Planetary Space Sci. 45, 771-778. 36. Spence, L. B., T. J. Morgan, and J. Sharma (1997). Haystack radar observation of the asteroid Toutatis. M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory Project Report PSI-188, Aug. 26, 1997. 37. Benner, L. A. M., , S. J. Ostro, K. D. Rosema, J. D. Giorgini, D. Choate, R. F. Jurgens, R. Rose, M. A. Slade, M. L. Thomas, R. Winkler, and D. K. Yeomans (1999). Radar Observations of Asteroid 7822 (1991 CS). Icarus 137, 247-259. 38. Mahapatra, P., S. J. Ostro, L. A. M. Benner, K. D. Rosema, R. F. Jurgens, R. Winkler, R. Rose, J. D. Giorgini, D. K. Yeomans, and M. A. Slade (1999). Recent Radar Observations of Asteroid 1566 Icarus. Planetary and Space Science 47, 987-995. 39. Ostro, S. J., R. S. Hudson, K. D. Rosema, J. D. Giorgini, R. F. Jurgens, D. Yeomans, P. W. Chodas, R. Winkler, R. Rose, D. Choate, R. A. Cormier, D. Kelley, R. Littlefair, L. A. M. Benner, M. L. Thomas, and M. A. Slade (1999). Asteroid 4179 Toutatis: 1996 Radar Observations. Icarus 137, 122-139. 40. Magri, C., S. J. Ostro, K. D. Rosema, M. L. Thomas, D. L. Mitchell, D. B. Campbell, J. F. Chandler, I. I. Shapiro, J. D. Giorgini, and D. K. Yeomans (1999). Mainbelt Asteroids: Results of Arecibo and Goldstone Radar Observations of 37 Objects During 1980-1995. Icarus 140,379-407. 41. Ostro, S. J., P. Pravec, L. A. M. Benner, R. S. Hudson, L. Sarounova, M. D. Hicks, D. L. Rabinowitz, J. V. Scotti, D. J. Tholen, M. Wolf, R. F. Jurgens, M. L. Thomas, J. D. Giorgini, P. W. Chodas, D. K. Yeomans, R. Rose, R. Frye, K. D. Rosema, R. Winkler, M. A. Slade. Radar and Optical Observations of Asteroid 1998 KY26. Science 285, 557-559 (1999). 42. Benner, L. A. M., S. J. Ostro, R. S. Hudson, K. D. Rosema, R. F. Jurgens, D. K. Yeomans, D. B. Campbell, J. F. Chandler, and I. I. Shapiro. Radar Observations of Asteroid 3908 Nyx. Icarus 158, 379-388 (2002). 43. Giorgini, J. D., , S. J. Ostro, L. A. M. Benner, P. W. Chodas, S. R. Chesley, R. S. Hudson, M. C. Nolan, A. R. Klemola, E. M. Standish, R. F. Jurgens, R. Rose, A. B. Chamberlin, D. K. Yeomans, J.-L. Margot (2002). Asteroid 1950 DA's Encounter with Earth in 2880: Physical Limits of Collision Probability Prediction. Science 296, 132-136 44. Ostro, S. J., R. S. Hudson, M. C. Nolan, J.-L. Margot, D. J. Scheeres, D. B. Campbell, C. Magri, J. D. Giorgini, and D. K. Yeomans (2000). Radar Observations of Asteroid 216 Kleopatra. Science 288, 836-839. 45. Pravec, P., L. Sarounova, L. A. M. Benner, S. J. Ostro, M. D. Hicks, R. F. Jurgens, J. D. Giorgini, M. A. Slade, D. K. Yeomans, D. L. Rabinowitz, Y. N. Krugly, and M. Wolf. Slowly rotating asteroid 1999 GU3. Icarus 148, 589-593 (2000). 46. Margot, J. L., M. C. Nolan, L. A. M. Benner, S.J. Ostro, R. F. Jurgens, J. D. Giorgini, M. A. Slade, and D. B. Campbell. Binary Asteroids in the Near-Earth Object Population. Science 296, 1445-1448 (2002). 47. Di Martino, M., S. Montebugnoli, G. Cevolani, C. Bortolotti, A. Cattani, M. Delbo, C. Guidi, A. Maccaferri, G. Maccaferri, J. Monari, A. Orlati, M. Poloni, S. Poppi, S. Righini, M. Roma, L. Saba, S. Ostro, and A. Zaitsev. Results of the First Italian Planetary Radar Experiment. Planet. Space Sci. 52,325-330 (2004). 48. Hudson, R. S., S. J. Ostro, and D. J. Scheeres. High-Resolution Model of Asteroid 4179 Toutatis. Icarus 161, 346-355 (2003). 49. Benner L. A. M., S. J. Ostro, M. C. Nolan, J.-L. Margot, J. D. Giorgini, R. S. Hudson, R. F. Jurgens, M. A. Slade, E. S. Howell, D. B. Campbell, and D. K. Yeomans. Radar Observations of Asteroid 1999 JM8. Meteoritics Planet. Sci.37, 779-792 (2002). 50. Chesley, S. R., S. J. Ostro, D. Vokrouhlicky, D. Capek, J. D. Giorgini, M. C. Nolan, J. L. Margot, A. A. Hine, L. A. M. Benner, and A. B. Chamberlin. Direct Detection of the Yarkovsky Effect via Radar Ranging to Asteroid 6489 Golevka. Science 302, 1739-1742 (2003). 51. Ostro, S. J., L. A. M. Benner, M. C. Nolan, C. Magri, J. D. Giorgini, D. J. Scheeres, S. B. Broschart, M. Kaasalainen, D. Vokrouhlicky', S. R. Chesley, J. L. Margot, R. F. Jurgens, R. Rose, D. K. Yeomans, S. Suzuki, and E. M. De Jong. Radar Observations of Asteroid 25143 Itokawa (1998 SF36). Meteoritics and Planetary Science39, 407-424 (2004). 52. Shepard, M. K., L. A. M. Benner, S. J. Ostro, D. B. Campbell, L.M. I. I. Shapiro, and J. F. Chandler. Radar Detection of Near-Earth Asteroids 1915 Quetzalcoatl, 3199 Nefertiti, 3757 (1982 XB), and 4034 (1986 PA). Icarus 172, 170-178 (2004). *CM C. Magri et al., unpublished. [62 entries] *N M. C. Nolan et al., unpublished. [56 entries] *LB L. A. M. Benner et al., unpublished. [46 entries] *O S. J. Ostro et al., unpublished. [37 entries] *JLM J.-L. Margot et al., unpublished. [13 entries] *S M. K. Shepard et al., unpublished. [ 7 entries] *GB G. Black et al., unpublished. [ 2 entries] *H E. S. Howell et al., unpublished. [ 2 entries] *T P. Taylor et al., unpublished. [ 2 entries] *C L. Carter et al., unpublished. [ 2 entries] --- 226 Administered by: Dr. Steven J. Ostro 300-233 Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109-8099 email: ostro@reason.jpl.nasa.gov ------------------------------------------------------------------------