PDS_VERSION_ID = PDS3
RECORD_TYPE = STREAM
SPACECRAFT_NAME = GALILEO_ORBITER
INSTRUMENT_NAME = "NEAR INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER"
INSTRUMENT_ID = NIMS
OBJECT = TEXT
NOTE = "Introduction to the
gaspra_nims_hires_radiance data
product."
PUBLICATION_DATE = 2012-07-23
END_OBJECT = TEXT
END
Contributions by:
James Granahan
Science and Applications International
Corporation
10932 Blake Lane
Bealeton, VA 22712
Bob Mehlman, Frank Leader
Institute of Geophysics and
Planetary Physics
University of California
Box 951567
Los Angeles, California 90095-1567
Bob Carlson, Bill Smythe, Lucas Kamp, Ashley Davies,
Valerie Henderson, Tyler Brown
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
4800 Oak Grove Drive
Pasadena, CA 91109
Eric Eliason, Chris Isbell
United States Geological Survey
Branch of Astrogeology
2255 North Gemini Drive
Flagstaff, Arizona 86001
July 27, 2012
Version 3.0
(gapra_nims_hires_radiance product)
January 19, 1996
Version 1.0
(Phase 0, Cruise)
December 10, 1998
Version 2.0
(Phase 2, Jupiter Operations)
CONTENTS
1 - INTRODUCTION
2 - GALILEO MISSION
3 - NIMS INSTRUMENT
4 - SPECTRAL IMAGE CUBES
5 - BROWSE PRODUCTS
6A - CALIBRATION NOTES
6B - POINTING GEOMETRY NOTES
7 - DISK DIRECTORY STRUCTURE
8 - INDEX FILES
9 - CALIBRATION AND GEOMETRY FILES
10 - SOFTWARE
11 - LABEL KEYWORD DESCRIPTIONS
12 - WHOM TO CONTACT FOR INFORMATION
13 - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
14 - REFERENCES
1 - INTRODUCTION
This data volume contains a radiometrically corrected spectral image cube
of the highest spatial resolution observation of asteroid 951 Gaspra as
acquired by the Galileo spacescraft Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer
(NIMS) on October 29, 1991. It is the product of the calibration of
the raw data number file gap016tn.qub with calibration factors contained
in the file e1wanta2.qub and projected in a point perspective geometry.
Both files are contained within the NASA pds archive of Galileo NIMS data.
This spectral image cube, gaspra_nims_hires_radiance.fits, combines data
acquired during the asteroid 951 Gaspra encounter and the Earth encounters
to produce a radiometrically calibrated product.
2 - GALILEO MISSION
Galileo was a mission to Jupiter to perform long-term studies of the
Jovian atmosphere and detailed studies of the Galilean satellites. The
mission is divided into a launch/cruise phase and an orbital phase. The
spacecraft trajectory required a deltaV Venus-Earth-Earth gravity assist
(VEEGA). The cruise is divided into Earth-Venus (EV), Venus-Earth (VE),
Earth-Earth (EE) and Earth-Jupiter segments -- with the initials used to
associate observations with time. These cruise segments are further
divided by spacecraft command loads, which are numbered, but not
completely contiguously since some planned loads were later combined or
eliminated. Important segments include VE6 (Venus encounter), EV9 and 11
(Earth 1 encounter), EE3 (Gaspra encounter), EE9 and 11 (Earth 2
encounter), EJ2 and EJ3 (Ida encounter) and EJ7 (Shoemaker-Levy 9 impact
with Jupiter).
Jupiter operations are divided into encounters, named for the satellite
which is the principal target. The primary missions consist of the
Jupiter Orbit Insertion (JOI) phase and Io encounter (I0) followed by
encounters with Ganymede (G), Callisto (C) and Europa (E) designated by
principal target and orbit number: G1, G2, C3, E4, E6, G7, G8, C9, C10
and E11. Data is not collected during the fifth encounter (J5) because
Jupiter is behind the sun.
[The Galileo Europa Mission (GEM) follows the Primary Mission. It will
continue data collection in the Jupiter system, though primarily data from
Europa and Io. There will be eight close encounters of Europa (E12, E14,
E15, E16, E17, E18 and E19), four of Callisto (C20, C21, C22 and C23) and
two of Io (I24 and I25) over a period of two years. Jupiter is behind the
sun during the 13th encounter (E13).]
The spacecraft was a dual-spinner, with the fundamental coordinate system
in EME-1950 (Right Ascension, Declination, and Twist) and a hardware
coordinate system in cone and clock. The associated spacecraft
geometry is available as SPICE kernels generated by the NAIF group at
JPL. The fundamental unit of the spacecraft clock is the RIM (Realtime
IMaging count, 60 2/3 seconds). This is subdivided into 91 minor frames
(2/3 seconds each) numbered from 0 to 90. Each minor frame is in turn
subdivided into 10 RTIs (RealTime Interrupts), numbered 0 to 9. The
spacecraft clock time is usually represented in the notation RIM:MF:RTI,
where MF denotes the minor frame.
Planned spacecraft events are described in the SSDF (Standard Sequence
Data File). It is the source of several other files, including the
ORPLN (ORbit PLaNning) file, the SEF (Spacecraft Event File) and the
ISOE (Integrated Sequence Of Events) file. These are available through
the Galileo Science Catalog.
3 - NIMS INSTRUMENT
The Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) instrument is an imaging
spectrometer covering the wavelength region 0.7 to 5.2 micrometers -- a
region not studied by the Pioneer and Voyager spacecraft. Its spectral
resolution is 0.025 micron beyond 1 micron, and 0.0125 microns below 1
micron, yielding 204 spectral elements in nominal mode. The nominal
pixel size is a square 0.5 x 0.5 milliradians. The instrument acquires
data in the order: (1) sampling of 17 detectors, (2) stepping of the
scan mirror (20 elements in cross-cone), (3) stepping of the grating
(nominally 12 steps per cycle). The nominal 204 wavelength cycle
requires 4 1/3 seconds. The detectors (2 Silicon, 15 Indium Antinomide)
sample approximately uniformly across the spectrum. A detailed
description of the instrument may be found in [1] and in the document
directory of this data volume.
4 - SPECTRAL IMAGE CUBES
4.1 - Data Set Overview
The natural form of imaging spectrometer data is the spectral image cube.
It is normally in band sequential format, but has a dual nature. It is a
series of "images" of the target, each in a different wavelength. It is
also a set of spectra, each at a particular line and sample, over the area
observed. Each spectrum describes a small portion of the area. When
transformed into cubes, the data may be analyzed spatially, an image
at a time, or spectrally, a spectrum at a time, or in more complex
spatial-spectral fashion.
The gaspra_nims_hires_radiance data product is a spectral image cube of
the highest spatial resolution NIMS observations of asteroid 951 Gaspra.
It is derived from data archived in the NASA Planetary Data Systems file
gap016tn.qub that consists of data in raw data number values stored
as a spectral image cube in a band sequential integer array. These
raw data numbers were converted into little endian floating point values
using sensor sensitivity values contained in the NIMS Earth observation
e1wanta2.qub also archived in the NASA Planetary Data System. The
gaspra_nims_hires_radiance pixels were rectified by creating a point
perspective instrument projection and limbfitting pixels to the
corresponding 951 Gaspra Galileo spacecraft CCD (Solid State Imager).
The result is a rectified band sequential radiance spectral image
cube of 951 Gaspra that is stored in the gaspra_nims_hires_radiance
FITS file.
4.2 - Parameters
A band in a NIMS cube is generated for each of the 17 detectors
at each grating step. The motion of the grating is determined by the
commanded instrument mode:
Mode Grating Grating Bands
steps increment
Fixed Map/Spectrometer 1 0 17
Short Map/Spectrometer 6 4 102
Full Map/Spectrometer 12 2 204
Long Map/Spectrometer 24 1 408
The gaspra_nims_hires_radiance data product was created from NIMS data
collected in the fixed map spectrometer mode.
The wavelengths of the bands are determined by the commanded start and
offset grating positions, and by wavelength calibrations conducted on the
ground and occasionally during flight. They are also weak functions of
grating temperature.
The pixels in the cube of the observation of 951 Gaspra are in units of
radiance. The radiances are derived from the 10-bit raw NIMS data numbers
by applying band-dependent sensitivities, which are in turn products of ground
and flight calibrations, of the commanded gain state and chopper mode and of
the focal-plane-assembly (FPA) temperature.
4.3 - Data Format
The primary gaspra_nims_hires_radiance data product is assembled in
a FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) file format and a detached
NASA PDS 3 label file.
The FITS file contains a set of three band sequential three
dimensional little endian floating point arrays. The first
array contains the radiance values of the asteroid 951 Gaspra
highest spatial resolution observation. The second array contains
the per pixel wavelength values for the radiance array. The third array is
a three dimensional array that contains the radiance precision of each
pixel of the radiance spectral image cube.
The NASA PDS label file contains a file description of the FITS file
and the geometry information of the asteroid 951 Gaspra NIMS
observation in an ASCII format.
5 - EXTRA PRODUCTS
Two extra products are included in the gaspra_nims_hires_radiance
volume:
A .TIF image file that contains a 0.73 micrometer
wavelength image (band 1) from the gaspra_nims_hires_radiance.fits
file.
A .TIF image file containing a spectralplot of selected samples
from the gaspra_nims_radiance.fits file.
6A - CALIBRATION NOTES
The gaspra_nims_hires_radiance data product was calibrated using the
sensitivity and dark current values calculated for the file e1wanta2.qub.
These values were selected from the 1990 Galileo NIMS observation of
Antarctica due to the fact that it was near the October 29, 1991 asteroid
951 Gaspra observations in time and that it produced values that agreed
with the spectral image measurements of the same target with the Galileo
Solid State Imager experiment. Values from other phases of the Galileo
mission were tested (Earth Moon 2 encounter and the Jupiter Tour)
and did not agree with values from the Solid State Imager experiment,
ground based Eight Color Asteroid Survey data, or NASA Infrared
Telescope Facility data. This is most likely due to changes in the
Galileo NIMS silicon detectors (1 and 2) that transpired later in
the mission.
6B - POINTING GEOMETRY NOTES
The primary file geometry for the gaspra_nims_hires_radiance data product
was calculated through the use of the NAIF Toolkit IDL tools. The projection
of the NIMS pixel values was checked via a limbfit to the Galileo Solid State
Imager highest resolution images acquired during the NIMS observation
sequence that collected the data for the gaspra_nims_hires_radiance data
product.
7 - DISK DIRECTORY STRUCTURE
The files on this data volume are organized by several top-level directories
with subdirectories where appropriate. The following table shows the
structure and content of these directories. In the table, directory
names are followed by a
designation, upper-case letters indicate
an actual directory or file name, and lower-case letters indicate the
general form of directory names or file names.
DIRECTORY or
FILENAME CONTENTS
Top-level or root directory
|- AAREADME.TXT Introduction to the NIMS CUBE CD-ROM.
|
|- ERRATA.TXT Known errata for this and earlier volumes,
| liens for the future.
|
|- VOLDESC.CAT A description of the contents of this CD-ROM
| volume in a format readable by both humans and
| computers.
CALIB This directory contains NIMS calibration
| data.
|
|
|- CALINFO.TXT Information file pointing to a NIMS data
| file with calibration values.
|
|- CALIB.TAB PDS table file that contains the calibration
| and dark current values used to calibrate the
| spectral image cube in the data directory.
|
|- CALIB.LBL PDS label file that describes the CALIB.TAB file.
|
CATALOG This directory contains copies of PDS catalog
| files (extension '.CAT') relevant to this CD-ROM.
|
|- CATINFO.TXT Description of files in directory.
|
|- MISSION.CAT A description of the Galileo Mission to Jupiter.
|
|- INSTHOST.CAT A description of the Galileo spacecraft and its
| major components, including the orbiter and the
| probe.
|
|- INST.CAT A description of the NIMS instrument and its
| operating modes.
|
|- ASTTDS.CAT A description of the Tube dataset for targeted
| observations of the asteroids. (G1 CD only.)
|
|- PERSON.CAT Contact information on person who built the
| gaspra_nims_hires_radiance data product
|
|- REF.CAT Collected references for the above catalog files.
DATA This directory contains the gaspra_nims_hires_radiance
| data product files.
|
|- GASPRA_NIMS_HIRES_RADIANCE.FITS FITS file containing the
| spectral image of asteroid 951 Gaspra NIMS data
| in units of radiance (cgs).
|
|- GASPRA_NIMS_HIRES_RADIANCE.LBL A detached PDS label file
| for the gaspra_nims_hires_radiance.fits file.
DOCUMENT This directory contains document files
| (extension '.TXT') describing products,
| missions, organization, etc..
|
|- DOCINFO.TXT Description of files in directory.
|
|- VOLINFO.TXT A detailed description of the contents and
| organization of this CD-ROM volume (this file).
|
|- NIMSINST.TXT A brief description, with references, of the
| Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS)
| instrument. Each cube file has a label pointer
| to this file.
|
|- GDINFO.TXT Description of files in directory.
|
|- NIMSGD.LBL PDS label describing the NIMS Guide formats.
|
| (PostScript Versions of the Gaspra NIMS Guide)
|
|- NIMSGD0.PS Title Page, Foreword, Contents
|
|- NIMSGD1.PS Chapter 1: Introduction
|
|- NIMSGD2.PS Chapter 2: Orbit Overview
|
|- NIMSGD3.PS Chapter 3: Orbit Geometry
|
|- NIMSGD4.PS Chapter 4: Sequence Summary
|
|- NIMSGD5.PS Chapter 5: Detailed Observation Designs
|
|- NIMSGD6.PS Chapter 6: Playback Summary
|
|- INSTINFO.TXT Description of files in directory
|
|- INSTPUB.ASC ASCII version of the Text and Tables from the
| Instrument paper.
|
|- INSTFGnn.PS PostScript files for Figures, nn = 01-14, from
| the Instrument paper.
|
|- INSTPUB.LBL PDS label describing ASCII and PostScript files
| mentioned above.
EXTRAS This directory contains the gaspra_nims_hires_radiance
| browse images.
|
|- GASPRA_NIMS_HIRES_RADIANCE.TIF TIF file containing the
| 0.73 micrometer image of asteroid 951 Gaspra
| from the gaspra_nims_hires_radiance.fits file.
|
|- GASPRA_NIMS_HIRES_RADIANCE_PLOT.TIF TIF file containing sample
| spectral plots from the
| gaspra_nims_hires_radiance.fits file.
INDEX This directory contains various index table
| and index label files.
|
|- INDXINFO.TXT Description of files in directory.
|
|- INDEX.TAB Cube information index table for current volume.
|
|- INDEX.LBL PDS label describing INDEX.TAB content.
8 - INDEX FILES
An index file is located in the INDEX directory of this data volume and has a
name ending with the characters ".TAB". An index file is a 'table'
arranged by rows (records) and columns (fields) and provides important
information about the NIMS data. In this tables, non-numeric fields are
enclosed by double-quote characters, all fields are delimited by commas,
and the last two bytes in each record are carriage-control and line-feed
characters. This ".TAB" file is associated with a PDS label file whose
name ends with ".LBL". This .LBL file is a PDS Object Description Language
(ODL) description of the contents of the corresponding .TAB file.
9 - CALIBRATION AND GEOMETRY FILES
9.1 - Calibration and Dark Files
The sources for calibration and dark current values is included in this
data volume. Both sets of values used for the gaspra_nims_hires_radiance
product can be found in the calib.tab file that is stored in the calib
directory. These are data values determined from NIMS observations
during the Galileo Earth-Moon 1 encounter.
9.2 - Geometry Files
Geometry files are not included in this data volume. The geometry
calculated for the included data product were derived from the
following SPICE files available from NAIF (http://naif.jpl.nasa.gov) using
the NAIF toolkit:
s970311a.bsp - spk file
naif0008.tls - lsk file
mips010314.tpc - pck file
mk00062a.tsc - sdk file
Kay Edwards' map of Galileo boom obscurations as a function of scan
platform cone and clock angles is used to remove boom interference from
NIMS products. It has an embedded PDS label, and is in the GEOMETRY
directory of each cube CD.
10 - SOFTWARE
No software is provided with the gaspra_nims_hires_radiance data volume.
The FITS formatted file can be read with astronomical image software packages
that can ingest the FITS file format. This includes IDL, a product of
ITTVIS (http://www.ittvis.com) with the IDL Astronomy User's Library at NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center at http://idlastro.gsfc.nasa.gov . ISIS
(Integrated Software for Imagers and Spectrometers) 3.0 may also be used to
ingest the FITS file for analysis and is available from the USGS via
http://isis.astrogeology.usgs.gov/ .
11 - LABEL KEYWORD DESCRIPTIONS
Keyword Descriptions for the floating label of a FITS formatted NIMS radiance
file. Explanations are either interspersed with the label statements, or
placed on the right hand side of individual statements within quotation " "
marks. Remarks between /* and */ delimiters are actual in-label comments. All
labels are compliant with the PDSCAT1R82 definitions.
11.1 - FITS pds label (attached)
[The sample is a FITS pds label. It is a separate file from the FITS data file.]
PDS_VERSION_ID = PDS3
DD_VERSION_ID = "PDSCAT1R82"
LABEL_REVISION_NOTE = "LABEL VERSION 0"
/* File Characteristics */
RECORD_TYPE = FIXED_LENGTH
RECORD_BYTES = 2880
FILE_RECORDS = 472
/* Pointers to Data Objects */
^HEADER = "gaspra_nims_hires_radiance.fit"
^SPECTRAL_QUBE = ("gaspra_nims_hires_radiance.fit",3)
^EXTENSION_WAVELENGTH_HEADER = ("gaspra_nims_hires_radiance.fit",159)
^EXTENSION_WAVELENGTH_IMAGE = ("gaspra_nims_hires_radiance.fit",160)
^EXTENSION_ERROR_HEADER = ("gaspra_nims_hires_radiance.fit",316)
^EXTENSION_ERROR_IMAGE = ("gaspra_nims_hires_radiance.fit",317)
/* Identification Data Elements */
DATA_SET_ID = "GO-A-NIMS-4-GASPRACUBE-V1.0"
PRODUCT_ID = "GASPRA-HIRES-NIMS-RAD"
PRODUCT_NAME = "GASPRA-HIRES-NIMS-RAD"
INSTRUMENT_HOST_NAME = "GALILEO ORBITER"
INSTRUMENT_NAME = "NEAR INFRARED MAPPING SPECTROMETER"
INSTRUMENT_ID = "NIMS"
TARGET_NAME = "951 GASPRA"
START_TIME = 1991-10-29T22:20:56
STOP_TIME = 1991-10-29T22:28:15
START_JULIAN_DATE_VALUE = 2448559.4312
STOP_JULIAN_DATE_VALUE = 2448559.4362
SPACECRAFT_CLOCK_START_COUNT = "1073178.04.0"
SPACECRAFT_CLOCK_STOP_COUNT = "1073185.25.0"
PRODUCT_CREATION_TIME = 2012-07-27T07:33:00
PRODUCT_TYPE = "GEOMED_CALIBRATED_IMAGE"
/* Descriptive Data Elements */
SPICE_FILE_NAME = ("s970311a.bsp",
"naif0008.tls",
"mips010314.tpc",
"mk00062a.tsc")
MISSION_NAME = "GALILEO"
MISSION_PHASE_NAME = "GASPRA ENCOUNTER"
OBSERVATION_TYPE = "NIMS FIXED MAP"
OBSERVATION_ID = "GAPNGASPAT01"
TARGET_CENTER_DISTANCE = 4376.69
TARGET_HELIOCENTRIC_DISTANCE = 329616030.0
SC_SUN_POSITION_VECTOR =
(-76005976.0, 3.2051194e+008, -11761397.0)
TARGET_SUN_POSITION_VECTOR =
(-76001854.0, 3.2051851e+008, -11761393.0)
TARGET_GEOCENTRIC_DISTANCE = 410618250.0
SC_EARTH_POSITION_VECTOR =
(44028901.0, 4.0807449e+008, -11759634.0)
EARTH_TARGET_POSITION_VECTOR =
(-44033022.0, -4.0808106e+008, 11759631.0)
HORIZONTAL_PIXEL_SCALE = 1285.2
VERTICAL_PIXEL_SCALE = 1285.2
PHASE_ANGLE = 49.07
PROCESSING_HISTORY_TEXT = "This data is derived from DN values
in PDS file GAP016TN.QUB and calibrated with values from
the PDS file G1GNGLOBAL01A_MSY04.IOF"
/* Data Object Definitions */
OBJECT = HEADER
BYTES = 5760
HEADER_TYPE = "FITS"
INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = "BINARY"
RECORDS = 2
DESCRIPTION = "FITS format defined in
NASA/Science Office Standards Technology 100-1.0"
END_OBJECT = HEADER
OBJECT = SPECTRAL_QUBE
AXES = 3
AXIS_NAME = (SAMPLE, LINE, BAND)
ISIS_STRUCTURE_VERSION = "2.1"
/* Core Description */
CORE_ITEMS = (100, 66, 17)
CORE_NAME = "CALIBRATED SPECTRAL RADIANCE"
CORE_ITEM_BYTES = 4
CORE_ITEM_TYPE = IEEE_REAL
CORE_BASE = 0.000000
CORE_MULTIPLIER = 1.000000
CORE_UNIT = "uWATT*CM**-2*SR**-1*uM**-1"
CORE_NULL = -1.0
CORE_VALID_MINIMUM = 0.0
CORE_LOW_REPR_SATURATION = -32767.0
CORE_LOW_INSTR_SATURATION = -32766.0
CORE_HIGH_REPR_SATURATION = -32765.0
CORE_HIGH_INSTR_SATURATION = -32764.0
SUFFIX_ITEMS = (0,0,0)
SUFFIX_BYTES = 4
GROUP = BAND_BIN
BANDS = 17
BAND_BIN_UNIT = MICROMETER
BAND_BIN_FILTER_NUMBER = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17)
BAND_BIN_BAND_NUMBER = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
15, 16, 17)
BAND_BIN_CENTER = (0.7360, 0.8750, 1.0546, 1.3326, 1.6110, 1.8914, 2.1728,
2.4529, 2.7382, 3.0178, 3.3012, 3.5839, 3.8670, 4.1503, 4.4343, 4.7164,
4.9988)
BAND_BIN_WIDTH = (0.0125, 0.0125, 0.0250, 0.0250, 0.0250, 0.0250, 0.0250,
0.0250, 0.0250, 0.0250, 0.0250, 0.0250, 0.0250, 0.0250, 0.0250, 0.0250,
0.0250)
BAND_BIN_BASE = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0,
0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
BAND_BIN_MULTIPLIER = (1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0)
END_GROUP = BAND_BIN
END_OBJECT = SPECTRAL_QUBE
OBJECT = EXTENSION_WAVELENGTH_HEADER
BYTES = 2880
HEADER_TYPE = "FITS"
INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = "BINARY"
RECORDS = 15
DESCRIPTION = "This extension contains
the wavelength values, per pixel, for the image array."
END_OBJECT = EXTENSION_WAVELENGTH_HEADER
OBJECT = EXTENSION_WAVELENGTH_IMAGE
LINE_SAMPLES = 100
LINES = 66
BANDS = 17
SAMPLE_BITS = 32
SAMPLE_TYPE = "IEEE_REAL"
LINE_DISPLAY_DIRECTION = "UP"
SAMPLE_DISPLAY_DIRECTION = "RIGHT"
UNIT = "MICROMETERS"
END_OBJECT = EXTENSION_WAVELENGTH_IMAGE
OBJECT = EXTENSION_ERROR_HEADER
BYTES = 2880
HEADER_TYPE = "FITS"
INTERCHANGE_FORMAT = "BINARY"
RECORDS = 15
DESCRIPTION = "This extension contains
the radiance precision values, per pixel, for the image
array."
END_OBJECT = EXTENSION_ERROR_HEADER
OBJECT = EXTENSION_ERROR_IMAGE
LINE_SAMPLES = 100
LINES = 66
BANDS = 17
SAMPLE_BITS = 32
SAMPLE_TYPE = "IEEE_REAL"
LINE_DISPLAY_DIRECTION = "UP"
SAMPLE_DISPLAY_DIRECTION = "RIGHT"
UNIT = "uWATT*CM**-2*SR**-1*uM**-1"
END_OBJECT = EXTENSION_ERROR_IMAGE
END
12 - WHOM TO CONTACT FOR INFORMATION
For information pertaining to the contents of this data
volume.
---------------------------------------------------------
James Granahan
SAIC
10932 Blake Lane
Bealeton, VA 22712
e-mail: james.c.granahan@saic.com
phone: (703) 400-1573
13 - ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The gaspra_nims_hires_radiance data product was created for the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Planetary Data System
with support from contract NNH10CD54C with Science Application
International Corporation through the Planetary Mission Data Analysis
Program. Format guidance for the data product was provided by
Carol Neese of the Planetary Science Institute. A special thanks
also goes to NASA and the Galileo NIMS team (led by Dr. Robert Carlson
of Jet Propulsion Laboratory) for flying the Galileo mission to asteroid
951 Gaspra, conducting the spectral observations, and archiving the
data to the NASA PDS system. This work is also indebted to NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center that maintains the Flexible Image Transportation
System (FITS) file format and the IDL user's astronomical libary, the
Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility (NAIF) at JPL, and the
software team at the United States Geological Survey that maintains the
Imaging Software for Imagers and Spectrometers (ISIS). All of these
parties contributed in the creation of the gaspra_nims_hires_radiance
data product.
14 - REFERENCES
1. R. W. Carlson, P. R. Weissman, W. E. Smythe, J. C. Mahoney, and the
NIMS Science and Engineering Teams, "Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer
Experiment on Galileo", Space Science Reviews 60, 457-502, 1992. [This
volume also contains papers describing the other Galileo instruments.]